The Planting of the Colony of Maryland

National History Standards

Materials compiled in this document can be used by educators to fulfill the following National History Standards for Grades K-4:

Topic 2: The History of Students’ Own State or Region 

STANDARD 3: The people, events, problems, and ideas that created the history of their state. 

Standard 3B: The student understands the history of the first European, African, and/or Asian-Pacific explorers and settlers who came to his or her state or region.

K-4: Examine visual data in order to describe ways in which early settlers adapted to, utilized, and changed the environment. [Draw upon visual data] 
K-4: Use a variety of sources to construct a historical narrative about daily life in the early settlements of the student’s state or region. [Obtain historical data] 
3-4: Gather data in order to analyze geographic, economic, and religious reasons that brought the first explorers and settlers to the state or region. [Obtain historical data]
3-4: Reconstruct in timelines the order of early explorations and settlements including explorers, early settlements, and cities. [Establish temporal order] 
3-4: Analyze some of the interactions that occurred between the Native Americans or Hawaiians and the first European, African, and Asian-Pacific explorers and settlers in the students’ state or region. [Read historical narratives imaginatively] 

Primary Resources

1. DESCRIPTION: George Calvert, First Lord Baltimore 
   ARTIST: Daniel Mytens, the elder
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 
   NOTES:  See The Portraits of the Six Lords Baltimore: Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore for additional information. See also Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series) for additional biographical information.
   REPOSITORY: Enoch Pratt Free Library, Baltimore

2. DESCRIPTION: A relation of Maryland : reprinted from the London edition of 1635 / with a prefatory note and appendix, by Francis L. Hawks.
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: New York : J. Sabin, 1865.
   NOTES: Facsimile of original: A relation of Maryland; together with a map of the countrey, the conditions of plantation, His Majesty's charter to the Lord Baltemore, translated into English ... London, W. Peasley or I. Morgans house, 1635.
   COPYRIGHT: Copyright and other restrictions
   SOURCE: The Capital and the Bay: Narratives of Washington and the Chesapeake Bay Region, ca. 1600-1925
   REPOSITORY: Library of Congress

3. DESCRIPTION: The Charter of Maryland 
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1635
   NOTES: In 1632, George Calvert, First Baron of Baltimore, received a grant of land in the New World from King Charles. The king directed that the grant should encompass "that whole peninsula or neck of land of land lying between the ocean on the east and the great Bay of Chesopeake on the west, and between Cape Charles on the South and the Delaware Bay on the North, together with the whole Bay of Delaware unto the bottom thereof and from thence to the head or fountain of the River of Potomacke and so along the west and south shore of the said river unto a place called Cinquacke at or near unto the mouth thereof, where it falls into the Bay of Chesopeake, and from thence running along the west shore of the said Bay to the Bottom of the same where it meets with the Peninsula first mentioned and all the scope of land contained within those limits, as well as half of the bay from the Potomac down to its mouth at Cape Charles." The grant was to be called Maryland, in honor of Queen Henrietta Maria. 
   SOURCE: Huntingfield Corporation Map Collection, MSA SC 1399-1-526
   RESPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

4. DESCRIPTION: Cecil Calvert (1606 – 1675), Second Lord Baltimore 
   ARTIST: Gerard Soest
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED:
   NOTES:  Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore, was the organizer of the first expedition to the Maryland colony in 1634. In this portrait by Gerard Soest, Calvert is shown holding the "Lord Baltimore Map" published in 1635. His namesake and grandson, Cecil Calvert, son of Charles Calvert, is shown standing beside him. The boy was the apparent heir, but died in 1681. A young attendant also appears in the background. See The Portraits of the Six Lords Baltimore: Cecil Calvert, Second Lord Baltimore for additional information. See also Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series) for additional biographical information.
   REPOSITORY: Enoch Pratt Free Library

5. DESCRIPTION: A Relation of the Successefull beginnings of the Lord Baltemore's Plantation in Mary-land
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1635
   SOURCE: Huntingfield Corporation Map Collection, MSA SC 1399-1-526
   RESPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

6. DESCRIPTION: Leonard Calvert
   ARTIST: Florence MacKubin, said to be after a seventeenth century portrait in a private collection.
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1914
   NOTES: Prior to the granting of the Charter to Cecilius Calvert, Captain William Claiborne, acting under a commission from the King, had established a trading post and plantation on Kent Island in 1631. He was driven from the island by Leonard Calvert a few months after the colonists landed. Calvert had occasion to leave the colony several times, usually for only a month or two, but once for over a year. During his absences the following men governed the province: 1637/38 and 1638, John Lewger; 1638 and 1641, Captain Thomas Cornwaleys; 1643-1644, Giles Brent; 1644, William Brainthwait. See also Archives of Maryland (Biographical Series) for additional biographical information.
   SOURCE: Maryland Commission on Artistic Property Collection, MSA SC 1545-1106
   REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

7. DESCRIPTION: A Character of the Province of Maryland 
   AUTHOR: George Alsop
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1666
   SOURCE: 1902 reprint of original 1666 edition. Also features the map, "A Land-Skip of the Province of Maryland or the Lord Baltimors Plantation neere Virginia."

8. DESCRIPTION: Founding of Maryland
   ARTIST: Tompkins Harrison Matteson (1813-1884)
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1853
   SOURCE: Maryland Commission on Artistic Property Collection, MSA SC 1545-2551
   REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

9. DESCRIPTION: Planting of the Colony of Maryland
   ARTIST: Francis Blackwell Mayer (1827-1899)
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1893
   SOURCE: Maryland Commission on Artistic Property Collection, MSA SC 1545-1125
   REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

See also: 

• Eye of the Beholder: European Interpretations of Native American Culture
• Charting the Chesapeake, 1590-1700
• Captain John Smith and the Exploration of the Chesapeake Bay
  

Additional Media Resources

Alsop, George. A Character of the Province of Maryland. Ed. Newton D. Mereness. Cleveland, OH: The Burrows Brothers, 1902.

Charting the Chesapeake: 1590-1990. A presentation derived from the permanent exhibition at the Maryland State Archives

Today in History: March 25 -- From American Memory

Virtual Tour of St. Mary's City: The Waterfront. From Historic St. Mary's City.

We Were Here First (Grades 6-8 , 9-12 ) Exploring the Indigenous Peoples of the United States. From New York Times on the Web Learning Network.

Additional Instructional Resources

Close Encounters of the First Kind, 1585-1767
Includes maps and documents relating to the first encounters of the English settlers and explorers with Native Americans. The objective is to introduce students to how explorers, settlers, and Native Americans reacted to, and learned from one another

Daily Life in the New World, 1634-1715
Includes the Maryland Act of Toleration, 1649, inventories of estates, and a discussion of documents relating to the career of the only person (a Jew) prosecuted under the Toleration Act.

A Relation of Maryland, 1635 -- From Maryland Electronic Field Trips

Maryland's First Capital: Discovering a Lost City. See also teacher's guide and worksheets for this lesson.

Ancient Treasure in the Back Yard: A Story about Archaeology. See also teacher's guide and worksheets for this lesson.

Meet John Halfhead. From Historic St. Mary's City. John Halfhead was one of Maryland's first colonists from his arrival in 1634 until his death in 1675. 

Secondary Resources

"Narrative of a Voyage to Maryland, 1705-1706" The American Historical Review (Jan. 1907): 327-340. 

Brugger, Robert. "From Province to Colony (1634-1689)." In Maryland: A Middle Temperament. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Maryland Historical Society, 1988.

Callcott, George H. "The Quality of Life in Maryland Over Five Centuries" Maryland Historical Magazine 2001 vol. 96, no. 3, pp. 272-302.

Carr, Lois Green. "Maryland's Seventeenth Century."

Fausz, J. Frederick. "Present at the 'Creation': The Chesapeake World That Greeted the Maryland Colonists." Maryland Historical Magazine (Spring 2005): 29-47.

Hulton, Paul and David Beers Quinn. The American Drawings of John White, 1577-1590. 2 vols. Trustees of the British Museum, and University of North Carolina Press, 1964. 

Kupperman, Karen Ordahl. "Fear of Hot Climates in the Anglo-American Colonial Experience." The William and Mary Quarterly, 3rd Ser., Vol. 41, No. 2. (Apr., 1984), pp. 213-240. 

Lefler, Hugh T. "Promotional Literature of the Southern Colonies." Journal of Southern History (Feb. 1967): 3-25. [JSTOR]

Lowe, William W. "The Master of the Ark: A Seventeenth-Century Chronicle" Maryland Historical Magazine, 2000, vol. 95, no. 3, pp. 261

Papenfuse, E. C. and Coale, J. M. The Hammond Harwood Atlas of Historical Maps of Maryland 1608-1908. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press, 1982.

Associated Heritage and Preservation Organizations

Maryland State Archives 350 Rowe Boulevard Annapolis, MD 21403

Historic St. Mary's City 18751 Hogaboom Lane St. Mary's City, MD 20686

St. Clement's Island Potomac River Museum 38370 Point Breeze Road Colton Point, MD 20626 Phone: (301) 769-2222

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Credits

Teaching American History in Maryland is a collaborative partnership of the Maryland State Archives and the Center for History Education (CHE), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), and the following sponsoring school systems: Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Baltimore City Public School System, Baltimore County Public Schools, and Howard County Public Schools.

Other program partners include the Martha Ross Center for Oral History, Maryland Historical Society, State Library Resource Center/Enoch Pratt Free Library, with assistance from the National Archives and Records Administration and the Library of Congress. The program is funded through grants from the U.S. Department of Education.

This document packet was researched and developed by Nancy Bramucci.

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