Wartime Occupation of Maryland

National History Standards

Materials compiled in this document can be used by educators to fulfill the following National History Standards for Grades 5-12:

Era 5: Civil War and Reconstruction (1850-1877)

STANDARD 2: The course and character of the Civil War and its effects on the American people. 

Standard 2B: The student understands the social experience of the war on the battlefield and homefront. 

7-12: Compare the motives for fighting and the daily life experiences of Confederate with those of white and African American Union soldiers. [Evidence historical perspectives] 
5-12: Compare women's homefront and battlefront roles in the Union and the Confederacy. [Compare and contrast differing sets of ideas] 
5-12: Compare the human and material costs of the war in the North and South and assess the degree to which the war reunited the nation. [Examine historical perspectives]

Primary Resources

1. DESCRIPTION: General Butler's Encampment At Federal Hill.
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1861
   SOURCE: Cator Collection
   REPOSITORY: Enoch Pratt Free Library

2. DESCRIPTION: Occupation of the Post Office, Corner of Gay and Lombard Streets, Baltimore Maryland
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1861
   SOURCE: Cator Collection
   REPOSITORY: Enoch Pratt Free Library

3. DESCRIPTION: Fort Marshall, Baltimore, Maryland. 
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1862
   SOURCE: Cator Collection
   REPOSITORY: Enoch Pratt Free Library

4. DESCRIPTION: Camp Patterson Park. Baltimore, Md. 110th Reg't New York Volunteers, Col. D. C. Littlejohn.
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1862
   SOURCE: Cator Collection
   REPOSITORY: Enoch Pratt Free Library

5. DESCRIPTION: Invasion of Maryland, view from Maryland Heights. (sketch)
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: September 1862
   SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-3
   REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

6. DESCRIPTION: Flight of inhabitants from Sharpsburg, Md. (sketch by A.R. Waud); Ford near Sheperdstown on the Potomac River. Gen. Picket firing across the river. (sketch by A.R. Waud)
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: October 11, 1862
   SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-6
   REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

7. DESCRIPTION: Rebel Army crossing fords at Potomac River for invasion of Maryland. (sketch)
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: September 27, 1862
   SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-14
   REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

8. DESCRIPTION: Photograph, Ruins of P. M. Gen'l M. Blair's residence, MD. Destroyed by the rebel raiders July 12, 1864
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: 1864
   REPRODUCTIONS: How to Order Photographic Reproductions
   COPYRIGHT: Copyright and Other Restrictions
   SOURCE: Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society
   REPOSITORY: New York Historical Society

9. DESCRIPTION: Major-General Franklin carried off in a buggy. (sketch); Escape of General Franklin near Towsontown. (sketch); General Franklin hiding in woods to avoid scouts. (sketch); General Franklin's reception by Maryland farmers. (sketch); Capture of a train on the Philadelphia, Wilmington and Baltimore Railroad at Magnolia, Md. near Gunpowder Ridge. (sketch)
   DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: July 30, 1864
   SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-17
   REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

10. DESCRIPTION: Hagerstown, Md. while occupied by the Rebel Army. (sketched by Theodore R. Davis)
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: September 29, 1862
    SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-39
    REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

11. DESCRIPTION: General McClellan passing through Frederick, Md. (sketch by Edwin Forbes)
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: n. d.
    SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-38
    REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

12. DESCRIPTION: Frederick, Md. while occupied by Rebel Troops. 
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: September 27, 1862
    SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-41
    REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

13. DESCRIPTION: The Army of the Potomac at Thoroughfare Gap. Ford at Cherry Run. (sketch by Theodore R. Davis); The Army of the Potomac at Thoroughfare Gap. Slaves collecting debris from camp. (sketch by Theodore R. Davis); The Army of the Potomac at Thoroughfare Gap. Ford at Hancock. (sketch by Theodore R. Davis); The Army of the Potomac at Thoroughfare Gap. Gaurding the Army Telegraph. (sketch Theodore R. Davis); The Army of the Potomac at Thoroughfare Gap. Cooking at camp. (sketch Theodore R. Davis); The Army of the Potomac at Thoroughfare Gap. View of Thoroughfare Gap. (sketch by Theodore R. Davis)
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: November 29, 1862
    SOURCE: Harpers Weekly Illustrations Collection, MSA SC 1579-1-43
    REPOSITORY: Maryland State Archives

14. DESCRIPTION: Map and directory of Camp Patterson Park [Baltimore, Maryland] One Hundred and Tenth Regiment of New York Volunteers. Col. D. C. Littlejohn, commanding By. J. B. Butler, engineer and surveyor. Printed by F. Bourquin & Co., Philadelphia. September 27, 1862.
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: [Philadelphia F. Bourquin & Co.], 1862
    SOURCE: Military Battles and Campaigns
    REPOSITORY: Library of Congress Geography and Map Division Washington, D.C. 20540-4650

15. DESCRIPTION: Union troops on Fort Federal Hill 
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: N/A
    NOTES: How to order copies of this document
    SOURCE: (Z24.542)
    REPOSITORY: Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore

16. DESCRIPTION: Barricade on Saratoga Street 
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: N/A
    NOTES: How to order copies of this document
    SOURCE: (Z24.624)
    REPOSITORY: Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore

17. DESCRIPTION: The Raid into Maryland – Rebel County occupying town of New Windsor
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: N/A
    NOTES: How to order copies of this document
    SOURCE: (Z24.1405)
    REPOSITORY: Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore

18. DESCRIPTION: General McClellan entering Frederick
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: October 4, 1862
    NOTES:  How to order copies of this document
    SOURCE: Z24.1407
    REPOSITORY: Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore

19. DESCRIPTION: The Invasion of MD—citizens of Baltimore barricading the streets
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: June 29,1863
    NOTES:  How to order copies of this document
    SOURCE: Z24.1472
    REPOSITORY: Maryland Historical Society, Baltimore

20. DESCRIPTION: Ruins of bridge across the Potomac, at Berlin, destroyed by the Confederates
    DATE CREATED/PUBLISHED: June 1861
    SOURCE: Civil War Treasures from the New-York Historical Society
    REPOSITORY: New York Historical Society

Additional Media Resources

Miscellaneous Civil War images in the collections of the Maryland Historical Society

Additional Instructional Resources

In the Aftermath of 'Glory': Black Soldiers & Sailors from Annapolis Maryland, 1863-1918
Examines what happens to Black soldiers who survive the Civil War by tracing their careers through public and private records. Includes maps, contemporary accounts, census records, probate records, court depositions, and Federal pension files. It relates the soldiers to the efforts to expand and then restrict the suffrage ending with the voting rights cases of 1915 which involved a Civil War soldier from Annapolis.

The Civil War Through A Child's Eye

Ladies, Contraband, and Spies: Women in the Civil War

The Fight for Equal Rights: Black Soldiers in the Civil War

The Civil War as Photographed by Mathew Brady

Secondary Resources

Brugger, Robert. "Suspended between Memory and Hope (1816-1865)." In Maryland: A Middle Temperament. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Maryland Historical Society, 1988.

Brugger, Robert. "A House Divided (1850-1865)." In Maryland: A Middle Temperament. Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins University Press in association with the Maryland Historical Society, 1988.

Sheads, Scott S. and Daniel Toomey. Baltimore During the Civil War. Linthicum: Toomey Press, 1997.

Associated Heritage and Preservation Organizations

Fort McHenry National Monument and Historic Shrine Fort Avenue Baltimore, MD

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Credits

Teaching American History in Maryland is a collaborative partnership of the Maryland State Archives and the Center for History Education (CHE), University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC), and the following sponsoring school systems: Anne Arundel County Public Schools, Baltimore City Public School System, Baltimore County Public Schools, and Howard County Public Schools.

Other program partners include the Martha Ross Center for Oral History, Maryland Historical Society, State Library Resource Center/Enoch Pratt Free Library, with assistance from the National Archives and Records Administration and the Library of Congress. The program is funded through grants from the U.S. Department of Education.

This document packet was researched and developed by Nancy Bramucci.

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